Private Pilot Certificate

Aerodynamics

• Basic Principles of Lift, Weight, Thrust, and Drag
• Ground Effect and Its Impacts
• Aircraft Stability and Control
• Stall and Spin Awareness
• Wake Turbulence Avoidance
• Density Altitude
• Effect of Load Factor on Aircraft Performance
• Airfoils: Principles and Applications

Aircraft Systems

• Aircraft Systems
• Flight Instruments
• Fuel Systems and Fuel Management
• Oil Systems and Engine Cooling
• Propeller and Powerplant Operations
• Carburetor Icing and Fuel Injection Systems

Performance and Operations

• Aircraft Performance
• Weight and Balance
• Short and Soft Field Operations
• Crosswind Takeoffs and Landings
• Go-Arounds and Rejected Landings
• Basic and Complex Aircraft Operations
• Runway Incursion Avoidance
• Soft-Field and Rough-Field Taxi Techniques
• Groundspeed vs. True Airspeed Calculations
• Aircraft Speeds (V-speeds)

Meteorology

• Meteorology
• Weather Services
• Basic Weather Theory
• Weather Briefings and Flight Service Stations
• Decision-Making in Marginal Weather Conditions
• Windshear and Microbursts
• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Risks and Prevention

Navigation

• Navigation and Flight Planning
• Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
• Sectional Charts and Chart Interpretation
• Use of Navigation Aids (VOR, GPS, ADF)
• Lost Procedures and Diversion Techniques
• Aeronautical Charts
• NOTAMs and TFRs

Regulations and Airspace

• Federal Aviation Regulations
• Airspace and Regulations
• Controlled vs. Uncontrolled Airspace
• Special Use Airspace
• Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) and Airspace Rules
• Minimum Safe Altitudes and Obstacle Clearance
• Runway Markings and Lighting
• Taxiway Signs and Surface Movement Guidance

Emergency Procedures

• Emergency Procedures
• Forced Landings and Emergency Landing Sites
• Simulated Engine Out and Emergency Descents
• Engine Failures and Malfunctions
• Emergency Equipment and Procedures
• Survival Equipment and Techniques
• Collision Avoidance Procedures

Human Factors

• Human Factors and Physiology
• Aeromedical Factors
• Hypoxia
• Physiological Effects of Altitude
• Oxygen Requirements for Flight
• Landing Illusions and Visual Perception Errors
• Spatial Disorientation

Flight Training

• PAVE Checklist(New)
• Ground Reference Maneuvers
• Slow Flight, Steep Turns, and Stalls
• Basic Instrument Flying
• Cross-Country Flight Planning
• ATC Phraseology and Readbacks
• Radio Communication Procedures
• Traffic Patterns and Right-of-Way Rules

Aircraft Maintenance

• Aircraft Maintenance Requirements
• Preflight Inspection
• Aircraft Logbooks and Required Inspections
• Airworthiness Requirements
• Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) and Inoperative Equipment

Other Topics

• Noise Abatement Procedures
• Aircraft Ownership Responsibilities and Insurance
• Student Pilot Limitations and Solo Flight Requirements
• Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting Procedures
• Bird Strikes and Wildlife Hazards
• Turbulence and Its Effect on Aircraft Control
• Hydroplaning and Wet Runway Considerations

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