Aircraft Logbooks and Required Inspections

Aircraft logbooks and inspections are essential for ensuring airworthiness and compliance with Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs). This guide explains the purpose of logbooks, the types of inspections required, and the documentation pilots need to maintain.

1. Aircraft Logbooks

Aircraft logbooks are records of an aircraft's maintenance, inspections, and operational history. These documents provide evidence of airworthiness and are required for regulatory compliance.

1.1 Types of Logbooks

• Airframe Logbook: Records maintenance and inspections related to the aircraft's structure.
• Engine Logbook: Tracks maintenance, inspections, and overhauls for the aircraft engine.
• Propeller Logbook: Details propeller-specific maintenance and inspections (if applicable).
• Avionics Logbook: Documents maintenance and updates for avionics systems (optional but recommended).

1.2 Key Entries in Logbooks

Logbooks should include the following information:

• Dates and descriptions of maintenance performed.
• Signatures and certifications from authorized personnel (e.g., A&P mechanic, IA).
• Airworthiness directive (AD) compliance records.
• Inspections completed (e.g., annual, 100-hour, transponder checks).

2. Required Aircraft Inspections

The FARs specify several inspections that aircraft must undergo to remain airworthy. These inspections ensure the aircraft meets safety and operational standards.

2.1 Annual Inspection

• Frequency: Required every 12 calendar months for all aircraft (FAR 91.409(a)).
• Who Can Perform: Only an FAA-certified mechanic with Inspection Authorization (IA).
• Documentation: Must be logged in the airframe logbook with the date, description, and mechanic's signature.

2.2 100-Hour Inspection

• Frequency: Required for aircraft used for hire or flight instruction (FAR 91.409(b)).
• Who Can Perform: Any FAA-certified Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) mechanic.
• Key Note: The 100-hour limit may be exceeded by up to 10 hours if en route to a maintenance facility, but the excess time counts toward the next 100-hour interval.

2.3 Airworthiness Directives (ADs)

• Purpose: Issued by the FAA to address safety issues or defects in specific aircraft, engines, or components.
• Compliance: Mandatory; pilots and owners must ensure all applicable ADs are complied with and documented.

2.4 Altimeter and Pitot-Static System Inspection

• Frequency: Every 24 calendar months (FAR 91.411).
• Purpose: Ensures the accuracy of the altimeter and pitot-static system for IFR operations.

2.5 Transponder Inspection

• Frequency: Every 24 calendar months (FAR 91.413).
• Purpose: Ensures the transponder is functioning properly for ATC communication and surveillance.

2.6 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Inspection

• Frequency: Every 12 calendar months (FAR 91.207(d)).
• Additional Requirements: Replace the ELT battery after one cumulative hour of use or when 50% of the battery's useful life has expired.

2.7 VOR Check

• Frequency: Every 30 days for IFR flight (FAR 91.171).
• Purpose: Ensures the accuracy of the VOR navigation equipment.
• Documentation: Record the date, place, error, and signature in a logbook or on an approved form.

3. Required Documents for Airworthiness

Per FAR 91.203, aircraft must carry specific documents to be considered airworthy. Use the acronym ARROW to remember them:

• A: Airworthiness Certificate
• R: Registration Certificate
• R: Radio Station License (if operating internationally)
• O: Operating Limitations (POH/AFM, placards, markings)
• W: Weight and Balance

4. Pilot Responsibilities

As the pilot in command (PIC), you are responsible for ensuring the aircraft is airworthy before flight. This includes:

• Reviewing logbooks and verifying that required inspections are up to date.
• Confirming compliance with ADs and other maintenance requirements.
• Ensuring ARROW documents are onboard the aircraft.
• Conducting a thorough preflight inspection to verify no obvious defects or hazards exist.

5. Common Errors and How to Avoid Them

• Missing Inspections: Regularly review the aircraft maintenance logbooks to stay ahead of due dates.
• Overdue AD Compliance: Use tracking tools or work with a maintenance facility to ensure all ADs are addressed on time.
• Poor Documentation: Ensure all maintenance entries are complete, signed, and dated by authorized personnel.

6. Conclusion

Proper maintenance and documentation are critical to ensuring the safety and legality of flight operations. By understanding aircraft logbooks, required inspections, and regulatory requirements, pilots and aircraft owners can maintain compliance and avoid costly mistakes. Regularly reviewing and updating maintenance records will help build confidence in the airworthiness of your aircraft.