Go-Arounds and Rejected Landings

A go-around or rejected landing is a maneuver in which the pilot aborts the landing approach and transitions back to a climb for another attempt. Knowing when and how to perform a go-around is a critical skill for all pilots, ensuring safety in situations where continuing the landing is not advisable.

1. When to Perform a Go-Around

Pilots should be prepared to execute a go-around anytime the landing becomes unsafe or unstable. Common reasons for a go-around include:

• Unstable Approach: Excessive speed, altitude, or deviations from the proper glide path.
• Runway Incursion: Another aircraft, vehicle, or obstacle is on the runway.
• Weather Conditions: Wind shear, turbulence, or a sudden change in visibility.
• Poor Aircraft Control: Difficulty maintaining alignment with the runway or excessive ballooning during the flare.
• Pilot Discretion: Any situation where the pilot feels uncomfortable or unsafe continuing the landing.

2. Go-Around Procedure

A go-around should be executed smoothly and promptly to ensure a safe climb away from the ground. Follow these steps:

Step 1: Apply Full Power

Smoothly advance the throttle to full power to establish a positive climb. Ensure the engine is producing full power by monitoring the tachometer or manifold pressure gauge.

Step 2: Establish a Climb Attitude

Pitch the aircraft to a climbing attitude while maintaining control. Use the airspeed indicator to achieve and maintain the best climb speed (usually V_y, or best rate of climb).

Step 3: Retract Flaps Gradually

If flaps are deployed, retract them in stages as you gain altitude and airspeed. Retracting flaps too quickly can result in a sudden loss of lift.

Step 4: Maintain Directional Control

Use rudder to maintain coordinated flight and keep the aircraft aligned with the centerline or intended flight path. Monitor crosswind drift if applicable.

Step 5: Clear the Runway

Once a safe altitude is reached, communicate with air traffic control (ATC) or announce your intentions on the traffic frequency. Ensure you clear the runway area for other traffic.

3. Common Mistakes During Go-Arounds

• Delaying the Decision: Waiting too long to initiate a go-around can reduce available altitude and time for recovery.
• Insufficient Power Application: Failing to apply full power can result in a poor climb rate or inability to clear obstacles.
• Retracting Flaps Too Quickly: This can cause a sudden loss of lift, leading to a dangerous sink rate close to the ground.
• Over-Pitching: Excessive nose-up attitude can cause an airspeed drop and increase the risk of a stall.
• Failure to Communicate: Not informing ATC or other traffic of your go-around can create confusion and potential conflicts.

4. Practical Tips for Student Pilots

• Be Prepared: Mentally rehearse the go-around procedure during every approach so you’re ready to execute it if needed.
• Practice Regularly: Work with your instructor to practice go-arounds in various conditions, including crosswinds and gusty weather.
• Monitor Airspeed: Stay within the proper speed range during the go-around to avoid stalls or excessive acceleration.
• Stay Calm: Focus on smooth control inputs and follow the procedure step by step. Avoid rushing.
• Know Your Aircraft: Familiarize yourself with your aircraft’s go-around procedure detailed in the Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).

5. Real-World Scenarios for Go-Arounds

Go-arounds are often necessary in real-world flying. Here are some examples:

• Traffic Conflict: Another aircraft unexpectedly enters the runway or lands ahead of you.
• Gusty Winds: Strong gusts or wind shear destabilize your approach close to the runway.
• Obstacle on the Runway: A deer, vehicle, or other obstacle appears on the runway during your landing roll.
• Bounce or Balloon: If your aircraft bounces or balloons excessively during touchdown, a go-around may be safer than forcing the landing.

6. Importance of Decision-Making

The decision to go around should be made early if you suspect the landing will not be safe or stable. Second-guessing the decision can lead to rushed or unsafe maneuvers. Remember:

• Stabilized Approach: If your approach is not stabilized by at least 500 feet above the ground (or higher in instrument conditions), a go-around is often the safest option.
• Trust Your Judgment: If you feel uncomfortable with the approach or landing, prioritize safety and execute a go-around.

Conclusion

Go-arounds and rejected landings are essential maneuvers that every pilot must master. They are not a sign of failure but a demonstration of sound judgment and professionalism. By practicing go-arounds regularly and following proper procedures, you’ll gain confidence in handling unexpected situations and ensuring safe flight operations.